B-Tree Index — the default: sorted, balanced, range-friendly

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CREATE INDEX ON users (id); -- default index type
Structure
50
10 · 25 · 40
60 · 75 · 90
1 5 8
11 18 22
27 33 38
42 47 49
52 57 59
62 70 73
77 83 88
92 97 99
Keys are sorted within every page · internal pages hold routing keys only · leaves hold key → TID and are doubly-linked